導讀： 6年(nian)前，國家(jia)電(dian)網(wang)已(yi)經(jing)在高(gao)速(su)(su)公(gong)路(lu)建成(cheng)了城(cheng)(cheng)際快充(chong)(chong)(chong)網(wang)絡，而伴隨(sui)著政策(ce)利好，這家(jia)帝(di)國再(zai)次提出(chu)了“七(qi)縱四橫兩網(wang)格”的(de)(de)戰略，也(ye)就(jiu)是由高(gao)速(su)(su)公(gong)路(lu)、城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)主干道和社區快速(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)組成(cheng)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)網(wang)絡。今天，我們從2016年(nian)國家(jia)電(dian)網(wang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)設備招標(biao)來分(fen)析充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)市(shi)場的(de)(de)發展動向。

　　OFweek新能(neng)源汽(qi)車(che)(che)網訊 2016年，電動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)再次大躍(yue)進式發(fa)展，與(yu)之相(xiang)配套的電動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)充電市場也(ye)迎來無數形形色(se)色(se)的企業(ye)和資本的角逐。

　　就(jiu)目前而言，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)對充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁建設(she)的(de)態度是(shi)積極的(de)。中(zhong)央采(cai)取樁站(zhan)適(shi)度先(xian)行的(de)建設(she)戰略(lve)，近(jin)看(kan)國(guo)(guo)家能(neng)源局2016年(nian)建設(she)規劃(hua)目標(biao)，“建設(she)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)2000多座、分散式(shi)公(gong)共充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁10萬(wan)(wan)個(ge)，私人充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁86萬(wan)(wan)個(ge)”，遠看(kan)發(fa)(fa)改委《電(dian)(dian)動汽車充(chong)電(dian)(dian)基礎(chu)設(she)施(shi)發(fa)(fa)展指南(2015-2020年(nian))》顯示我(wo)國(guo)(guo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)基礎(chu)設(she)施(shi)發(fa)(fa)展的(de)目標(biao)是(shi)“到2020年(nian)，建成集(ji)中(zhong)充(chong)換電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)1.2萬(wan)(wan)座，分散充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁480萬(wan)(wan)個(ge)”。

　　在眾多(duo)企業(ye)參與的(de)充電市(shi)場中，充電運營(ying)商(shang)、設備生產商(shang)、整體(ti)解決方案商(shang)是充電樁產業(ye)鏈條上的(de)重(zhong)要角色。充電設備本(ben)身并(bing)沒有太高(gao)的(de)技(ji)術含量，標準統一，兼容性(xing)好，質量穩定，施工得(de)當就可以(yi)。技(ji)術門(men)檻不(bu)高(gao)，再加上政(zheng)策的(de)支持(chi)，充電樁這個曾經(jing)被“冷落”的(de)市(shi)場，以(yi)數以(yi)千億計的(de)潛力浮出水面。其中，國家電網無疑是競(jing)爭力的(de)。

　　6年前，國家(jia)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)已經(jing)在高速(su)公(gong)路建成了城際快充網(wang)(wang)絡，而伴隨著政策利好(hao)，這家(jia)帝國再(zai)次提(ti)出(chu)了“七(qi)縱四橫(heng)兩網(wang)(wang)格(ge)”的戰(zhan)略，也(ye)就是由高速(su)公(gong)路、城市主干道和(he)社區(qu)快速(su)充電(dian)樁組(zu)成的充電(dian)網(wang)(wang)絡。今天，我們從2016年國家(jia)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)充電(dian)設備招(zhao)標來(lai)分析充電(dian)樁市場(chang)的發展動向。

　　布局區域集中

　　截止(zhi)目前，2016年國家(jia)電(dian)網共進行了(le)三次大(da)規模的充電(dian)設備(bei)招標(biao)。首先從地域來看(kan)，三次招標(biao)總(zong)量(liang)(liang)*六的依次是(shi)北京、天津、山東、江蘇、上海(hai)、浙江，可以看(kan)出國家(jia)電(dian)網布(bu)局的重點仍然是(shi)經濟發展(zhan)較(jiao)快(kuai)區域。各省具體建設數(shu)量(liang)(liang)詳見下表。

　　據(ju)了(le)解，2016年3月，上(shang)海交通委發布了(le)《上(shang)海市電動汽車(che)充(chong)電基礎設施(shi)專項(xiang)規劃(2016-2020)》(征求意見(jian)稿)，計(ji)劃至(zhi)(zhi)2020年，全市新(xin)能源(yuan)車(che)輛(liang)充(chong)電樁規模(mo)至(zhi)(zhi)少達(da)到21.1萬個。按此(ci)目標測算，到2020年，預計(ji)可實現的累計(ji)充(chong)電電量約20億千瓦(wa)時，至(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)需(xu)要建多少樁，大家不妨估算一下。

　　在(zai)2016年4月份北京發布的《北京市電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)基礎設施專項規劃(hua)(2016-2020年)》中(zhong)(zhong)明確(que)指出，根(gen)據各應用(yong)領(ling)域(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車對(dui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設施的需求(qiu)，經測(ce)算，2016-2020年需配(pei)建電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)約43.5萬個(ge)。其中(zhong)(zhong)，社會公(gong)用(yong)領(ling)域(yu)(yu)，按照(zhao)公(gong)用(yong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車的比例不低于(yu)1：7的要求(qiu)，需配(pei)建公(gong)用(yong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)6.5萬個(ge)；私人自(zi)用(yong)領(ling)域(yu)(yu)，需配(pei)建充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)36萬個(ge)；公(gong)共(gong)領(ling)域(yu)(yu)，堅持充(chong)(chong)(chong)分挖掘(jue)自(zi)有場站空間資源和利用(yong)社會公(gong)用(yong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)絡(luo)相結合(he)，公(gong)交、物流、公(gong)務、出租等(deng)領(ling)域(yu)(yu)配(pei)建公(gong)共(gong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)約1萬個(ge)。重點區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)目標集中(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)城市核(he)心區(qu)(qu)、通(tong)州新城、亦莊、延慶(qing)冬(dong)奧區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)等(deng)重點區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)，到2020年這些區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)服(fu)務半徑小于(yu)0.9公(gong)里，建成全國電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車示范(fan)推廣區(qu)(qu)和充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設施建設樣(yang)板區(qu)(qu)。

山東(dong)則計劃(hua)到2020年，在全省(sheng)建成充電站(zhan)920座、充電樁(zhuang)35萬個(ge)。屆時以(yi)公(gong)共服務領(ling)域(yu)、居民區、政府機關等單位、城市公(gong)共場(chang)所(suo)、高速公(gong)路(lu)和國省(sheng)道等5個(ge)領(ling)域(yu)為建設(she)重點，加快構建車樁(zhuang)相隨(sui)、布(bu)局合理、智能的充電基礎(chu)設(she)施體系。

　　2016年(nian)7月7日，浙(zhe)江發改委規定到2020年(nian)，新(xin)建集中(zhong)式充換電站(zhan)800座(zuo)以(yi)上、分散式充電樁21萬個以(yi)上，具備滿足(zu)23萬輛(liang)以(yi)上電動汽車充電需求(qiu)的能力(li)(li)，力(li)(li)爭完成國家下達的任務目標(biao)。

　　重點在快充站

　　根據充電(dian)(dian)模式(shi)不同(tong)，充電(dian)(dian)樁主要分為三大類：便攜式(shi)充電(dian)(dian)設備、直(zhi)流充電(dian)(dian)樁、交流充電(dian)(dian)樁。

　　便攜式充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設備與我(wo)們習(xi)慣(guan)性的直(zhi)接插入家(jia)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的方式充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)相近，屬于常規充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)類(lei)別。這種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設備是隨車(che)攜帶的，可以通過家(jia)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)與充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)來進行充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，比(bi)較(jiao)便捷，不過電(dian)(dian)(dian)流較(jiao)小，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)速度比(bi)較(jiao)慢(man)。直(zhi)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁是一(yi)種(zhong)快充(chong)(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁，功率大(da)、充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)快。這種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁一(yi)般(ban)建(jian)設在(zai)(zai)大(da)型(xing)公(gong)共場(chang)所：交(jiao)(jiao)通樞紐區域(yu)，大(da)型(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站等。交(jiao)(jiao)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁功率較(jiao)直(zhi)流樁低(di)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間長，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)平穩，是一(yi)種(zhong)慢(man)充(chong)(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁，一(yi)般(ban)適用(yong)(yong)于小型(xing)乘用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)，一(yi)般(ban)建(jian)設在(zai)(zai)小區停車(che)場(chang)，購物廣場(chang)等。

　　從2016年國(guo)網(wang)招(zhao)標(biao)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)備類型來看，交流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)備共招(zhao)標(biao)1489套，而直(zhi)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)備則達(da)到7412套，尤其是(shi)在*批招(zhao)標(biao)中，全(quan)部是(shi)直(zhi)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)備，這也跟國(guo)家(jia)布局的(de)地點有關(guan)，國(guo)網(wang)的(de)戰略重點是(shi)高(gao)速(su)公(gong)路、城市主干道(dao)和(he)社區快速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)，三大布局方向全(quan)是(shi)講究快充(chong)，當(dang)然，快充(chong)站對設(she)備制造商(shang)技術要求高(gao)，能擁有國(guo)家(jia)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)備投標(biao)資(zi)格的(de)，做交流樁(zhuang)也就(jiu)沒有什(shen)么問題了。

　　一邊是(shi)霧霾頻繁襲來(lai)(lai)，一邊是(shi)《巴黎協定》正式生(sheng)效，在(zai)此背景下中國能(neng)源戰略需要(yao)(yao)加速轉(zhuan)型。11月(yue)7日，在(zai)國家(jia)能(neng)源局召開的(de)(de)《電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力發展“十三五”規劃》新聞發布會(hui)上，提到今后(hou)工作(zuo)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)任務(wu)之(zhi)一是(shi)全面推(tui)進居民(min)供(gong)暖、交通(tong)運輸、生(sheng)產制造、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統等(deng)領(ling)域(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)替代，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車作(zuo)為(wei)交通(tong)運輸領(ling)域(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)替代的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)砝碼自(zi)然也將成為(wei)重(zhong)中之(zhi)重(zhong)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁作(zuo)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車的(de)(de)基(ji)礎設施，它的(de)(de)建設和發展也將引起越來(lai)(lai)越多的(de)(de)關注，作(zuo)為(wei)大的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設施運營(ying)商，國家(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁的(de)(de)每一個(ge)布局都牽動(dong)著整(zheng)個(ge)行(xing)業的(de)(de)發展，未來(lai)(lai)國家(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網將如何在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)市場(chang)布局，我(wo)們拭目以待！