[導讀] 今年《電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車傳導充電(dian)互操作性標準(zhun)》征(zheng)求(qiu)意見終(zhong)稿已(yi)經發布，電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車及充電(dian)樁行業即(ji)將具備一個詳細的測試標準(zhun)。

一、測試系統組成

標準中首先提(ti)及(ji)了交(jiao)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁測(ce)(ce)(ce)試系統的(de)(de)組成(cheng)，如圖所(suo)示。主要包括車輛控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制器(qi)模(mo)擬盒(he)（測(ce)(ce)(ce)試交(jiao)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制過(guo)程、異(yi)常充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態以(yi)及(ji)連接控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制時序(xu)等）、交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源（模(mo)擬電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)特性(xing)）、負載（模(mo)擬電(dian)(dian)(dian)池消耗充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁的(de)(de)輸出能(neng)量(liang)）、測(ce)(ce)(ce)試儀(yi)器(qi)（測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣特性(xing)及(ji)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制信號(hao)狀(zhuang)態等）、主控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機（控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制車輛控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制器(qi)模(mo)擬盒(he)模(mo)擬充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程的(de)(de)不同狀(zhuang)態、采集記錄測(ce)(ce)(ce)試儀(yi)器(qi)的(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)數據生成(cheng)測(ce)(ce)(ce)試報告(gao)）。這幾部分對充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁進行有序(xu)的(de)(de)聯動測(ce)(ce)(ce)試可以(yi)大(da)大(da)提(ti)高測(ce)(ce)(ce)試效率。

二、充電控制過程測試

交流充(chong)電(dian)樁的(de)充(chong)電(dian)控(kong)制過程測(ce)(ce)試(shi)分為(wei)四個階(jie)(jie)段(duan)：連接確認測(ce)(ce)試(shi)、充(chong)電(dian)準(zhun)備就緒測(ce)(ce)試(shi)、啟動(dong)及(ji)充(chong)電(dian)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)、正常充(chong)電(dian)結束測(ce)(ce)試(shi)。檢測(ce)(ce)的(de)內容包(bao)括檢測(ce)(ce)點(dian)1、檢測(ce)(ce)點(dian)4的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)值，PWM信號的(de)頻率、上升時間、下降(jiang)時間，充(chong)電(dian)狀態(tai)等。

各個階(jie)段的測試(shi)目的為(wei)

連接(jie)確認測(ce)(ce)試：檢(jian)查供電(dian)設備是否能通過檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)點1或檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)點4的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)值來判斷(duan)供電(dian)插頭與供電(dian)插座的(de)連接(jie)狀態。

充電準備就(jiu)緒測試：檢查(cha)供電設備是否能檢測到車輛準備就(jiu)緒并啟動充電。

啟動及充電(dian)階段測(ce)試：在(zai)充電(dian)過程中，檢查供電(dian)設備是否能通過PWM信號(hao)占空比告知其(qi)zui大(da)可供電(dian)能力。

正(zheng)常(chang)充電結(jie)束(shu)測試：檢查供(gong)電設備(bei)在(zai)收(shou)到車輛停止充電指令時(shi)充電結(jie)束(shu)過程是否正(zheng)常(chang)。

三、充電連接控制時序測試

本(ben)測試的目的是檢查(cha)供電(dian)設(she)備(bei)充(chong)電(dian)連(lian)接(jie)控制各種狀態跳轉和時間間隔是否滿(man)足要(yao)求(qiu)。狀態轉換示(shi)意圖(tu)如下圖(tu)所示(shi)，充(chong)電(dian)時供電(dian)設(she)備(bei)充(chong)電(dian)連(lian)接(jie)時序應滿(man)足GB/T18487.1-2015中A.4和A.5規定的要(yao)求(qiu)。

圖(tu) 2 交流充電(dian)樁(zhuang)充電(dian)連接控制時序圖(tu)

四、異常充電測試

在該測試要求中規定了很多充電(dian)現場可能遇(yu)到(dao)的(de)異常(chang)場景，檢測交(jiao)流充電(dian)樁(zhuang)在遇(yu)到(dao)這些異常(chang)后(hou)可否穩定安(an)全的(de)停(ting)止充電(dian)。針(zhen)對(dui)交(jiao)流充電(dian)樁(zhuang)的(de)異常(chang)用例(li)具體包括：

CC斷路(lu)：在充電(dian)(dian)前和充電(dian)(dian)中(zhong)，當供電(dian)(dian)接口斷開(kai)時，檢查供電(dian)(dian)設備是否能停止充電(dian)(dian)。

CP接地：在(zai)正常充電(dian)(dian)過程中，利用(yong)120Ω電(dian)(dian)阻將CP線接地，檢查(cha)檢測(ce)點1的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓、PWM信號(hao)、K1和K2狀態(tai)(tai)、充電(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)(tai)。

PE針(zhen)斷線：在充電前和充電中，模擬(ni)斷開(kai)PE線，并持續(xu)5s，檢查(cha)檢測(ce)點1的電壓、PWM信號、開(kai)關S2狀(zhuang)態、充電狀(zhuang)態。

輸出過(guo)流：在充電(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中，模擬輸出電(dian)流超(chao)過(guo)被測設(she)備zui大(da)供(gong)電(dian)電(dian)流，檢(jian)查供(gong)電(dian)設(she)備能否停(ting)止充電(dian)。

斷(duan)開(kai)開(kai)關(guan)S2：在充電過程中(zhong)，當開(kai)關(guan)S2斷(duan)開(kai)時，檢查供電設備是否能(neng)中(zhong)止充電且保持PWM輸(shu)出。

五、回路電壓測試

該測試項(xiang)目(mu)針對(dui)交流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁的部分為CP回路電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)測試，在(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)前，當(dang)檢(jian)測點1的正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)在(zai)標(biao)稱值誤(wu)(wu)差范圍(wei)內（8.2V~9.8V），供電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備應(ying)能允(yun)許(xu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian);在(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中，當(dang)檢(jian)測點1的正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)在(zai)標(biao)稱值誤(wu)(wu)差范圍(wei)內（5.2V~6.8V），供電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備應(ying)能正(zheng)常充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian);當(dang)檢(jian)測點1的正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)超過標(biao)稱值誤(wu)(wu)差范圍(wei)，供電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備應(ying)在(zai)50ms內識別連接故障，并不允(yun)許(xu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)或停止充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。